White blood cells are an important part of the human body’s immune system. Their count decreases due to different causes and leads to various health problems. Here is some useful information about low white blood cell count.Low White Blood Cell Count
Blood is a liquid connective tissue, composed of plasma and different types of cells. Blood plays an important role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the body organs. Its two major functions are:
1. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ions, food molecules such as lipids, glucose and amino acids, hormones and wastes
2. Protection of the body against infection and foreign bodies. It consists of different types of cells such as Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs) and Platelets/thrombocytes.
What are White Blood Cells?
White blood cells or leukocytes are the cells of the immune system. They protect the body against the foreign materials and infections. They are divided into two categories such as granulocytes and agranulocytes. The granulocytes are of three types such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes. The normal count of white blood cells is 4,000-10,000/mm3. They have a short lifespan, ranging from a few days to a few weeks. These cells offer defensive properties to blood in order to fight against the infections and the invading foreign bodies such as bacteria and viruses. If number of leukocytes increases than the normal count, the condition is known as leukemia. If the white blood cell count is below normal, it is known as leukopenia. There may be decrease in individual leukocyte percentage, e.g. neutropenia, i.e., a decrease in number of neutrophils. The reduction of all types of white blood cells is known as panleukopenia.
Causes of Low White Blood Cell Count
An abnormal low white blood cell count is associated with a number of causes and medical conditions. Some of the causes of leukopenia are aplastic anemia, chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver diseases, spleen diseases, a deficiency of vitamins and minerals such as zinc and copper, and autoimmune diseases. Certain infections such as viral infections can cause low white blood cell count. Some of the medications including chemotherapy drugs, some of the antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs also lead to leukopenia. Certain bone marrow diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia reduce the white blood cell count. Sometimes, the exact cause of leukopenia is not known, it is referred to as idiopathic.
Symptoms of Low White Blood Cell Count
When the white blood cell count is reduced, the body tends to catch the infection easily. Fever is the first indication of infection. The gastrointestinal system and bladder are the areas of potential infection. Hence, watch for the symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, rectal bleeding and urination problems. Mouth sores, sore gums or canker sores also indicate the decreased white blood cell count. Sore throat, cough, headache and sneezing are the signs of lung or sinus infection. Whenever you notice these symptoms, consult the doctor and if needed, have the blood test to determine the white cell count.
Effects of Low White Blood Cell Count
A reduction in white blood cell count leads to weakened immune system, as these cells are an integral part of the immune system. A person with low white blood cell count is at higher risk of bacterial, fungal and viral infections due to a compromised immune system. The infections of gastrointestinal system, lungs, throat and bladder are are some typical examples of low white blood cell count infections.
Treatment for Low White blood Cell Count
When you notice the symptoms of infection due to leukopenia, you should immediately consult the doctor. Complete blood count and absolute neutrophil count are the commonly recommended tests for the diagnosis of leukopenia. Sometimes, a bone marrow examination is suggested by the doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
The medications used to treat leukopenia are known as 'growth factors'. They consist of cytokines, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more number of white cells. Two commonly prescribed drugs are filgrastim and pegfilgrastim. Some antimicrobial medications and antibiotics are also prescribed by the doctors to treat the infections. If low white blood cell count is due to the chemotherapy drugs, it is advised to delay the chemotherapy treatment or reduce the chemotherapy dose. Have a balanced and nutritious diet.
Precautions for People with Low White Blood Cell Count
People with low white blood cell count need to take some precautions in order to minimize the risk of infection. Hands are the means of a spread of infections. Hence, wash your hands frequently with soap and plenty of water. Dry and chapped skin is more prone to infection. In order to keep your skin moisturized, use a body lotion after each wash. Try to avoid large crowds in order to avoid any contact with the infected and sick people. Stay away from the things that can cause cuts or wounds on your skin. Wear gloves and mask whenever possible. If you have any kind of wound or trauma, get it treated immediately.
Blood is a liquid connective tissue, composed of plasma and different types of cells. Blood plays an important role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to all the body organs. Its two major functions are:
1. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, ions, food molecules such as lipids, glucose and amino acids, hormones and wastes
2. Protection of the body against infection and foreign bodies. It consists of different types of cells such as Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs) and Platelets/thrombocytes.
What are White Blood Cells?
White blood cells or leukocytes are the cells of the immune system. They protect the body against the foreign materials and infections. They are divided into two categories such as granulocytes and agranulocytes. The granulocytes are of three types such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes. The normal count of white blood cells is 4,000-10,000/mm3. They have a short lifespan, ranging from a few days to a few weeks. These cells offer defensive properties to blood in order to fight against the infections and the invading foreign bodies such as bacteria and viruses. If number of leukocytes increases than the normal count, the condition is known as leukemia. If the white blood cell count is below normal, it is known as leukopenia. There may be decrease in individual leukocyte percentage, e.g. neutropenia, i.e., a decrease in number of neutrophils. The reduction of all types of white blood cells is known as panleukopenia.
Causes of Low White Blood Cell Count
An abnormal low white blood cell count is associated with a number of causes and medical conditions. Some of the causes of leukopenia are aplastic anemia, chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver diseases, spleen diseases, a deficiency of vitamins and minerals such as zinc and copper, and autoimmune diseases. Certain infections such as viral infections can cause low white blood cell count. Some of the medications including chemotherapy drugs, some of the antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs also lead to leukopenia. Certain bone marrow diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia reduce the white blood cell count. Sometimes, the exact cause of leukopenia is not known, it is referred to as idiopathic.
Symptoms of Low White Blood Cell Count
When the white blood cell count is reduced, the body tends to catch the infection easily. Fever is the first indication of infection. The gastrointestinal system and bladder are the areas of potential infection. Hence, watch for the symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, rectal bleeding and urination problems. Mouth sores, sore gums or canker sores also indicate the decreased white blood cell count. Sore throat, cough, headache and sneezing are the signs of lung or sinus infection. Whenever you notice these symptoms, consult the doctor and if needed, have the blood test to determine the white cell count.
Effects of Low White Blood Cell Count
A reduction in white blood cell count leads to weakened immune system, as these cells are an integral part of the immune system. A person with low white blood cell count is at higher risk of bacterial, fungal and viral infections due to a compromised immune system. The infections of gastrointestinal system, lungs, throat and bladder are are some typical examples of low white blood cell count infections.
Treatment for Low White blood Cell Count
When you notice the symptoms of infection due to leukopenia, you should immediately consult the doctor. Complete blood count and absolute neutrophil count are the commonly recommended tests for the diagnosis of leukopenia. Sometimes, a bone marrow examination is suggested by the doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
The medications used to treat leukopenia are known as 'growth factors'. They consist of cytokines, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more number of white cells. Two commonly prescribed drugs are filgrastim and pegfilgrastim. Some antimicrobial medications and antibiotics are also prescribed by the doctors to treat the infections. If low white blood cell count is due to the chemotherapy drugs, it is advised to delay the chemotherapy treatment or reduce the chemotherapy dose. Have a balanced and nutritious diet.
Precautions for People with Low White Blood Cell Count
People with low white blood cell count need to take some precautions in order to minimize the risk of infection. Hands are the means of a spread of infections. Hence, wash your hands frequently with soap and plenty of water. Dry and chapped skin is more prone to infection. In order to keep your skin moisturized, use a body lotion after each wash. Try to avoid large crowds in order to avoid any contact with the infected and sick people. Stay away from the things that can cause cuts or wounds on your skin. Wear gloves and mask whenever possible. If you have any kind of wound or trauma, get it treated immediately.
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